ICD vs DSM - Key Differences and Similarities - Flatworld Solutions (2023)

FAQs

What are the similarities and differences between DSM and ICD? ›

However, the DSM-5 gives mental health professionals criteria and definitions to classify diseases through a common language, while ICD-10 assigns a code that is used for reimbursement in claims processing. It is also important to note that the DSM-5 is strictly intended for mental disorders.

The ICD is produced by a global health agency with a constitutional public health mission, while the DSM is produced by a single national professional association. WHO's primary focus for the mental and behavioral disorders classification is to help countries to reduce the disease burden of mental disorders.

ICD and DSM are identical in some ways and differ in others. However, both systems represent codes and manual for diseases which provide medical informatics such as automated decision support, claims process in medical billing, statistics on morbidity & mortality, surveying epidemic outbreak, etc.

The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom.

​DRG, ICD-10, and CPT are all codes used with Medicare and insurers, but they communicate different things. ICD-10 codes are used to explain the diagnosis, and CPT codes describe procedures that the healthcare provider performs. Both diagnosis and procedure are used to determine DRG.

But DSM is a coding system for diagnosis of mental disorder. Every “psychiatric disorder” is classified under “mental and behavioral disorders.” This classification is useful for diagnosing those under psychiatric care. The latter is more accurate because of its immense contribution to research and common language.

The ICD‐11 also differs from the DSM‐5 in its placement of Secondary Mental or Behavioural Syndromes Associated with Disorders or Diseases Classified Elsewhere, which correspond to Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition in the DSM‐5.

What are the differences of the DSM and ICD? ICD encompasses all types of disorders whereas DSM is only western cultures and mental disorders. DSM requires psychiatrist to evaluate the person whereas the ICD is more symptom based.

What is the relationship between the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and DSM-5? The two publications do not include identical lists of psychological disorders; for those disorders listed in both, the DSM-5 descriptions and diagnostic criteria are often more detailed.

The ICD is important because it provides a common language for recording, reporting and monitoring diseases. This allows the world to compare and share data in a consistent and standard way – between hospitals, regions and countries and over periods of time.

What were two major changes to the DSM-5? ›

Major changes in dissociative disorders in DSM-5 include the following: 1) derealization is included in the name and symptom structure of what previously was called depersonalization disorder and is now called depersonalizafion/derealizafion disorder, 2) dissociative fugue is now a specifier of dissociative amnesia ...

The ICD contains the code numbers used in DSM-5-TR and all of medicine, needed for insurance reimbursement and for monitoring of morbidity and mortality statistics by national and international health agencies.

Furthermore, the ICD-11 definition of schizophrenia was harmonised with that of DSM-5 with the removal of first-rank symptoms,62 but differences remain with regard to duration of symptoms and impaired function. The changes in the specifiers of schizophrenia in ICD-11 are similar to those made by DSM-5 to DSM-IV.

The DSM-5 also got rid of the subtypes as separate diagnostic categories, based on the presenting symptom. This was found to not be helpful, since many subtypes overlapped with one another and were thought to decrease the diagnostic validity, according to the American Psychiatric Association.

In an effort to improve diagnosis and care to people of all backgrounds, the fifth edition of the Diag- nosfic and Stafisfical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) incorporates a greater cultural sensitivity throughout the manual.

The advantages of the DRG payment system are reflected in the increased efficiency and transparency and reduced average length of stay. The disadvantage of DRG is creating financial incentives toward earlier hospital discharges. Occasionally, such polices are not in full accordance with the clinical benefit priorities.

This payment system is referred to as the inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS). Under the IPPS, each case is categorized into a diagnosis-related group (DRG). Each DRG has a payment weight assigned to it, based on the average resources used to treat Medicare patients in that DRG.

For example, a hospital in New York City pays higher wages than a hospital in rural Kansas, which is reflected in the payment rate each hospital gets for the same DRG.

In the 1950s, the DSM-I contained around 60 disorders, and even then people criticized its reliability and validity, questioning its scientific basis and the blurry line between normal and abnormal behavior.

The critique of the DSM-5 has focused on deficits in its utility, reliability, and validity. In addition, often it sets a bar too low, and exposes both vulnerable people and normal ones to the risks of overdiagnosis and of pathologizing normal conditions.

What are the strengths and limitations of the ICD classification system? ›

The major benefit of ICD-10 is the opportunity to organize better patient care and enhance patient outcomes. However, the new system also presents some considerable challenges. The greatest downside of ICD-10 is the exponential cost increase for the physicians at the implementation stage.

DSM consists of three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text.

The DSM-5 covers a range of diagnoses, including depressive disorders, eating and feeding disorders, personality disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders.

The code length and alphanumeric structure limit the number of new codes that can be created, and many ICD-9 categories are already full. The codes themselves lack specificity and detail to support the following: Accurate anatomical descriptions. Differentiation of risk and severity.

The ICD-10 codes allow the use of combination codes which help in reporting 2 diagnoses, or multiple elements of the same diagnosis using a single code. ICD-9 does not support combination codes. ICD-10 uses alphabet codes to be more specific than ICD-9 codes.

While it may be confusing that there are two systems for diagnosing mental health disorders, the important thing to remember is that the DSM is primarily used in the United States while the ICD is used internationally and for insurance coding purposes.

NOTABLE CHANGES BETWEEN THE DSM IV AND DSM-5 INCLUDE:

The substance use disorder criterion of legal problems from the DSM-IV was dropped in favor of cravings or a strong desire or urge to use a substance in the DSM-5. In addition, three categories of disorder severity were formed, using the number of patient symptoms.

Clinical terms coded with ICD are the main basis for health recording and statistics on disease in primary, secondary and tertiary care, as well as on cause of death certificates. These data and statistics support payment systems, service planning, administration of quality and safety, and health services research.

What are the principles of ICD? ›

Therapists use the DSM-5 to: Identify and diagnose mental health conditions. Differentiate between similar diagnoses and ensure that the most appropriate treatment is provided.

(DSM-5) include eliminating the multi-axial system; removing the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF score); reorganizing the classification of the disorders; and changing how disorders that result from a general medical condition are conceptualized.

There are two main interrelated criticisms of DSM-5: an unhealthy influence of the pharmaceutical industry on the revision process. an increasing tendency to “medicalise” patterns of behaviour and mood that are not considered to be particularly extreme.

Most psychologists were trained using some version of DSM. For other health care providers, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) – which contains a chapter on mental disorders – is the classification standard.

ICD codes are just that – codes for a particular diagnosis that contain no diagnostic criteria or other information. For convenience of the user, DSM-5 also provides the HIPAA compliant ICD codes that are associated with each diagnosis found in DSM.

While ICD-10 is a worldwide standard, DSM-V was created by the American Psychiatric Association. Primarily used among mental and behavioral health providers, DSM-V provides standard criteria for classifying mental disorders.

a ICD is more comprehensive than DSM. b DSM is more accurate than ICD. c ICD is the official international classification in psychiatry. d DSM is the only classification used in the USA.

Dissociative identity disorder not otherwise specified is no longer a diagnosable disorder, according to the latest version of the DSM.

The DSM-5 removed several sleep disorder diagnoses, including all diagnoses for Sleep Disorder Related to Another Medical Condition (Hypersomnia type: DSM-IV-TR 327.14; Insomnia type: DSM-IV-TR 327.01; Mixed type: DSM-IV-TR 327.8; Parasomnia type: DSM-IV-TR 327.44) and Sleep Disorder Related to a Another Mental ...

What disorders should be removed from the DSM? ›

One of the official proposals for the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) diagnostic manual (DSM-5) is to delete half of the existing personality disorders (i.e., dependent, histrionic, narcissistic, paranoid, and schizoid).

Oversimplification. The latest round of criticism echoes a long running debate on the nature of mental health. Many critics of the DSM see it as an oversimplification of the vast continuum of human behavior.

The DSM-5 yielded satisfactory reliability, validity and classification accuracy. In comparing the DSM-5 to the DSM-IV, most comparisons of reliability, validity and classification accuracy showed more similarities than differences.

Given the dual processes of consensus and authority that are used to create the categories and specific diagnoses that are included and excluded, it is crucial to recognize that the DSM is, first and foremost, a socially constructed document.

The ICD‐11 also differs from the DSM‐5 in its placement of Secondary Mental or Behavioural Syndromes Associated with Disorders or Diseases Classified Elsewhere, which correspond to Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition in the DSM‐5.

What is the relationship between the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and DSM-5? The two publications do not include identical lists of psychological disorders; for those disorders listed in both, the DSM-5 descriptions and diagnostic criteria are often more detailed.